INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND REFERENCE PREPARATIONS
00/562 Hepatitis A Virus for Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (2nd International Standard)
The 2nd WHO International Standard for hepatitis A virus (HAV), NIBSC code 00/562, is intended to be used in the standardisation of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT)based assays for HAV. The standard comprises a genotype 1A HAV RNApositive plasma donation, diluted in pooled human plasma. The pooled human plasma diluent was sourced from blood donations and had been tested and found negative for HCV RNA, HAV RNA, HIV RNA, HBV DNA, HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV.
The standard has been lyophilized in 0.5 mL aliquots and stored at -20 °C. The material has been calibrated in International Units (IU) [1], in parallel with the 1st WHO International Standard for HAV RNA [2,3].
11/234 Immunoglobulin E (IgE), human serum (3rd International Standard)
The measurement of serum IgE aids in the diagnosis and management of atopic allergic disease and hyperIgE immunodeficiency syndromes. The 3rd International Standard for human serum IgE, 11/234, is intended to standardise assays for serum IgE. It replaces preparation 75/502. Its unitage was assigned in international units (IU) relative to 75/502 following an international collaborative study.
12/104 Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (3rd International Standard)
Preparation was established by WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standarisation in 2013 as the 3rd International Standard for Poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) (WHO, 2013). It was shown to be suitable for determination of antigenic content of inactivated poliovirus vaccine by in vitro assays. The preparation is a liquid trivalent blend of formaldehydeinactivated monovalent pools of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney), poliovirus type 2 (MEF) and poliovirus type 3 (Saukett).
12/154 Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (human rDNA derived)(3rd International Standard)
12/154 was established as the 3rd WHO International Standard for human Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) following evaluation in an International Collaborative Study. This preparation is intended for use as the primary biological reference standard in bioassays of human TNF-α and replaces the 2nd International standard for TNF-α coded 88/786.
12/188 Pegylated Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (Human, rDNA derived)
The preparation coded 12/188 is the primary standard for in vitro biological activity of PEGylated Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (PEG-G-CSF) preparations produced by conjugation of a 20kD monomethoxy linear PEG to the N-terminal methionyl residue of G-CSF and representative of the approved product, INN PEG-Filgrastim.
12/208 Parvovirus B19 (3rd International Standard)
The 3rd WHO International Standard for parvovirus B19 (B19V), NIBSC code 12/208, is intended to be used in the standardisation of nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT)-based assays for B19V. The standard comprises a dilution of a B19V genotype 1-positive plasma donation, in B19V DNA-negative pooled human plasma.
The standard has been lyophilized in 0.5 mL aliquots and stored at -20 oC. The material has been calibrated in International Units (IU), in parallel with the 2nd WHO International Standard for B19V, in a collaborative study involving 17 laboratories worldwide [1].
13/214 HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms RNA (1st International Reference Panel)
It has been known for some time that different subtypes of HIV-1 exist. There is the major group known as M consisting of subtypes A –J and more diverse groups of outliers such as group N, P and O. Initially nucleic acid-based tests had a narrow band of specificity targeting the B clade as this predominated in Europe and North America. Improvements have since been made in assay design to detect a wider range of subtypes. However, it is recognised that recombination events have led to a wider diversity of HIV-1 subtypes and in recent years viruses containing one or more subtype sequence within a single genome have become evident. These viruses have become known as Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRF’s). It is known from collaborative studies conducted using an HIV-1 NAT panel containing many common subtypes that predominately circulate within in Europe, North America and Asia that some assays are still poor at detecting some subtypes, thus giving a low or negative result on samples that are known to be positive. In order to allow manufacturers of assays and laboratories running in-house assays to validate the assays ability to detect CRF’s, the WHO endorsed the development of this 1st HIV-1 NAT CRF panel
09/296 Pro-Insulin, human (1st International Standard)
This preparation was established as the 1st International Standard for human Proinsulin by the WHO ECBS in October 2014. This replaces the International Reference Reagent, coded 84/611, as the primary reference material for the calibration of immunoassays of Proinsulin.
10/198 Anti-malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) human serum(1st International Reference Reagent)
This preparation is derived from individuals based in Kimusu Kenya with a history of malaria. Single plasma donations were collected by the Kisumu Blood Bank, Kenya. Samples were screened for antibodies against 5 Plasmodium falciparum antigens, MSP-1-19 (K1), MSP-1-42 (3D7), MSP-2 (3D7), MSP-3 (K1), AMA-1 (3D7, FC27, FP3), 77% positive for at least one antigen. Each ampoule contains a freeze-dried residue comprising, under an atmosphere of nitrogen, of diluted human plasma containing antibodies to P. falciparum. The intended uses of this Reference reagent, a single multivalent preparation, are (1) to allow cross comparisons of results of vaccine trials performed in different centres / with different products; (2) to facilitate standardization and harmonization of immunological assays used in epidemiology research; and (3) to allow optimization and validation of immunological assays used in malaria vaccine development. This material is not intended for in vitro diagnostic use.
10/242 Toxoplasma gondii DNA Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques(1st International Standard)
This preparation consists of a freeze-dried preparation T. gondii tachyzoites harvested from mice in antibiotic saline and then diluted in a buffer containing 30 mg/ml Trehalose and 10mM Tris buffer. The standard has been lyophilized in 0.5 ml aliquots and stored at -20oC. The material was calibrated in an international collaborative study involving 17 laboratories.
12/252 ADAMTS 13 Plasma (1st International Standard)
The WHO 1st International Standard for ADAMTS13 in plasma was established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation of the World Health Organisation in 2014 and details of the preparation and value assignment are available in document WHO/BS/2014.2246 available from this address: http://www.who.int/biologicals/BS_2246_IS_ADAMTS13.pdf?ua=1
The preparation consists of glass ampoules (coded 12/252) containing 1ml aliquots of pooled normal human plasma, freeze-dried. The International Standard (IS) has values assigned for ADAMTS13 function and antigen. The standard is intended to be used for the estimation of these analytes in human plasma.
12/306 Haemophilus Influenzae Polysaccharide Polyribosyl Ribitol Phosphate (PRP)(2nd International Standard)
The freeze-dried preparation of H. influenzae b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide PRP (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate; 5-D-ribitol-(1 → 1)-β-D-ribose-3-phosphate), provided by Serum Institute of India (SII) was prepared in ampoules (2013) at the Centre for Biological Reference Materials (CBRM, NIBSC) and coded 12/306. A collaborative study was carried out on this material by 13 laboratories in 2013 to determine the PRP content in SI units based on the ribose assay, and to evaluate its suitability for use as a standard for PRP quantification assays (including ribose, phosphorus and HPAEC-PAD assays) for Hib conjugate vaccines.
In 2014, on the basis of the collaborative study, it was established as the second International Standard for PRP for potential use in phosphorus, ribose and HPAEC-PAD assays for quantification of PRP. Critical issues on the actual testing methods are provided in the WHO/BS/2014.xxxx document and should be considered in the calibration of the secondary standards.
13/206 Plasmin (4th International Standard)
The 4th International Standard for Plasmin (13/206) was established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation of the World Health Organisation in October 2014, and a report of the collaborative study is available from WHO, reference number WHO/BS/2014.2249.
The intended use of this preparation is to standardise potency measurements for plasmin in enzymatic assays. A potency of 8.0 IU/ampoule was assigned in a collaborative study, based on chromogenic assays relative to the 3rd International Standard for Plasmin (97/536). Active site titration on 13/206 provided an estimate for active enzyme in the ampoule, after reconstitution with 1 ml water, of 1.5 μM; however this is only an estimate from one laboratory and should be treated as a guide.
81/535 Luteinizing Hormone, Human, Pituitary (3rd International Standard)
This preparation consists of a batch of ampoules, coded 81/535, which contain purified LH of human, pituitary origin. It has been calibrated in an international collaborative study in terms of the 2nd IS, 80/552. The 3rd IS, coded 81/535, was established at the 65th meeting of the ECBS in 2014. This material replaces the 2nd IS which is discontinued.
12/226 HBsAg (3rd International Standard)
This preparation contains inactivated HBsAg (HBV genotype B4, HBsAg subtypes ayw1/adw2) and has been calibrated in International Units (IU) in an international collaborative study (1). It was calibrated against the 2nd international standard (IS) for HBsAg (A2, adw2) along with additional study samples representing different HBV genotypes. The 3rd WHO IS for HBsAg is intended to be used for the determination of analytical sensitivity of HBsAg assays and for the calibration of secondary references for HBsAg.
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