诺贝尔奖,Nobel Prize www.nobelprize.org
诺贝尔奖（瑞典語：Nobelpriset，挪威语：Nobelprisen）是根据瑞典化学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱所设立的奖项。诺贝尔是近代炸藥的发明者，因此也获得了巨大的财富。但他对自己的发明用于破坏感到震惊，于1895年11月27日在法国巴黎的瑞典-挪威人俱乐部上立下遗嘱，用其遗产中的3100万瑞典克朗成立一个基金会，将基金所产生的利息每年奖给在前一年中为人类作出杰出贡献的人，以表彰那些对社会做出卓越贡献，或做出杰出研究、发明以及实验的人士。

 

诺贝尔奖
物理学奖
化学奖
生理学或医学奖
 
文学奖
和平奖
 

The Nobel Prize (Swedish pronunciation: [no?b?l], Swedish definite form, singular:Nobelpriset; Norwegian: Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and/or scientific advances. The will of the Swedish philanthropist inventor Alfred Nobelestablished the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine,Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901.^[1]

The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other prizes are awarded inStockholm, Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.^[2]

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences; the Nobel Assembly atKarolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded by a Swedish organisation but by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which is decided by Nobel Foundation yearly. As of 2012, each prize was worth 8 million SEK (c.US$1.1 million, €1.16 million). The prize is not awarded posthumously; however, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize may still be presented.^[3] Though the average number of laureates per prize increased substantially during the 20th century, a prize may not be shared among more than three people.